Ko te rereketanga i waenga i te kohua me te porcelain
Ina kōrerohia te uku me te uku, he mea nui kia mōhio he maha ngā rerekētanga i waenganui i a rāua. Ko te tikanga, he mea mārō, he mea maeneene hoki ngā uku nā te nui o te pāmahana e tahuna ai.
Nā tēnei ka ātete ake ki te wai. He taratara te kakano o te uku, ā, tera pea he nui ake te pūwero, arā, ka taea e ia te mimiti i ngā wai mena kāore i te rongoatia i tētahi ara.
1- Te Māramatanga: He āhua mārama ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana hei hanga uku, ā, ka taea e te mārama te tika mā roto, kia tiaho ai, kia ātaahua ai hoki.
Ko te uku ia he rauemi matotoru e kore e tukua te mārama kia tika mā roto, e homai ai he āhua motuhake, he āhua totoka hoki.
2- Te utu: He iti ake te utu o te hanga uku i te hanga uku, nā te mea he iti ake te pāmahana e whakamahia ana i roto i te tukanga tahunga.
Kāore ēnei kounga iti e hua ake ai he rauemi he rite te matotoru ki te porcelain, ā, ka iti ake te pakari me te pakari o te uku i te porcelain.
3-Ngā Kai: He mea hanga te pōrehana mai i tētahi rauemi angiangi e mōhiotia ana ko te kaolin, me te tāpiri atu i ētahi atu wāhanga pērā i te pungarehu wheua me te feldspar hei whakarei ake i tōna kounga. Ko te āhua o te pōrehana ko tōna kaha ki te tuku mārama, e tohu ana i tōna pakari teitei ki te whakataurite ki te uku.
E whakamahia nuitia ana mō te hanga i ngā mahi toi ataahua pērā i ngā kapu tī kounga teitei me ngā paepae whakapaipai, nā te mea he kaha, he pakari hoki tōna e hira ake ana i ngā mea hanga uku.
He maha ngā āhua me ngā rahi o ngā uku, ā, he nui ake ngā mirumiru hau e mau ana i tēnā i te uku, nā reira he mea pai ake tēnei i roto i ngā mahi toi me ngā mahi toi maha.
4-Te paraoa pokepoke: I Haina, ka tīmata te umanga uku ki te whakamahi i ētahi rauemi i whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga o tēnei mahi toi, i Ūropi ia, i hangaia he momo uku rerekē i tohuhia e tōna pakeke.
Engari i roto i ngā tau, kua kaha ake te hiahia o ngā Pākehā ki ngā uku ngawari ake.
Ahakoa te kawemai o te porcelain Hainamana, e mōhiotia ana mō tōna pakeke, i awe aua whakamātautau Pākehā i te whānui o ngā hoahoa porcelain kia uru atu ai he whānuitanga o ngā hua.
5-Peita: Ko te āhua o te pōrehana he rauemi e pupuri ana i ngā wai ki roto, ā, kāore e hiahiatia he paninga o waho.
He rerekē tēnei i te mea uku, e hiahiatia ana te hipoki ki te kiriuhi kanapa kia kore ai e āraihia te hau, kia rite tonu hoki te mahi.
Te rerekētanga i waenga i te uku me te uku i roto i te ahumahi
He mea hanga ngā mea uku, ngā mea uku rānei mai i ngā mea kore-whakarewa. He ngāwari te hanga i ēnei mea ina werahia ki ngā pāmahana mai i te 350 ki te 800 nekehanga Celsius, ā, i taua wā ka taea te huri hei āhua ngawari ake kia māmā ake ai te hanga.
Ko ngā uku ia, ka tukatukahia ki ngā pāmahana teitei ake kia mārō ake, kia rite ki te karāhe whakarewa, ki te karāhe pupuhi rānei. Ka taea e rātou te piri ki ngā rauemi uku, ā, kei roto hoki ngā wāhanga pēnei i te zirconium me te silicon carbide.
I te hanga o te porcelain ma, ka hurihia ngā kohuke pēnei i te feldspar me te granite, me te uku ma, ā, ka konatunatua ēnei kai ki te wai hei hanga i tētahi ranunga ngāwari.
Kātahi ka tahuna tēnei ranunga ki roto i te oumu i te pāmahana i waenga i te 1200 me te 1450 nekehanga Celsius kia eke ki te kounga e hiahiatia ana.
Ka hangaia te uku mā te whakamahana i te uku ki te pāmahana tae atu ki te 1000 nekehanga Celsius, kātahi ka pania ki te karāhe i mua i te wera anō.
Ko ngā oko kohatu ia, he mea hanga mai i te uku e tunua ana i te pāmahana tae atu ki te 1200 nekehanga Celsius kia rite ai ngā āhuatanga ki te karāhe.
I Haina onamata, ko te nuinga o te porcelain ma i hangaia i roto i ngā oumu kei te raki, ko te oumu Ding i te kawanatanga o Hebei tetahi o ngā oumu rongonui, ko Jingdezhen i te tonga hoki he pokapū nui mō te hanga porcelain.
Ngā momo uku
1- Ngā oko kohatu: E mōhiotia ana tēnei momo uku mō tōna pakari me tōna kaha, nā te mea he rite te pakeke o ngā rauemi ki ngā kōhatu.
Ko tēnei momo tetahi o ngā momo uku rongonui, pakari hoki e mōhiotia ana. Nā tōna kaha me tōna pakari, e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te penapena taonga mō te wā roa, he rerekē ki ētahi atu momo kāore pea e rite ana ngā āhuatanga.
2- Ngā uku porehana: Ko te porcelain Hainamana tetahi o ngā momo uku pai rawa atu, ā, i tīmata tōna hanga i Haina.
Ahakoa tōna takenga mai i Haina, kāore i te tino arohia ki tēnei mea i Haina, e kiia ana he rite ki te kohatu ātete wera.
Ko te mea e kitea ai tēnei uku he nui te kaolin kei roto, ā, ka nui ake tōna kounga me tōna ahurei.
